Sudan has the largest irrigated area in subsaharan africa and the second largest in all africa, after egypt. Irrigation scheme management in river nile state2015. Environmental impacts of international civil engineering. Other major farming areas are watered by the khashm alqirbah dam on the atbara river and by alru.
An infrastructure action plan 1 development of agriculture in south sudan 6. Sudan esmp summary for the proposed solar powered pumping systems for irrigation project date. Officially 67 percent of the population of south sudan, both urban and rural, has access to improved drinking water sources. Sudan food and agriculture organization of the united nations. The main requirements for this project include a solar power source to drive a water pump that can feed an irrigation system. Approximately 95% of farmed land in subsaharan africa and 60% in south asia rely on seasonal rains to meet water needs iwmi, 2010. Regarding the managil project, based on the capital cost of construction through stages. Assessment of the role of agriculture in sudan economy professor dr. This zone hosts irrigated agriculture as the large scale schemes such as gezira extend south into this zone. Programmes and projects fao in sudan food and agriculture. Development, sudan what are the bold actions being taken by the government to achieve the sustainable development goals in sudan. Drip irrigation provides slow, even application of lowpressure water to soil and plants using plastic tubing placed in or near the plants root zone. Beers 114 remedial measures for mitigating environmental impacts of international civil engineering projects 7. The gezira irrigation scheme in sudan objectives, design, and.
Geography of sudan, rail transport in sudan, irrigation, list of countries by irrigated land area, al jazirah state collection. Sudans ministry of finance and economic planning, the ministry of water resources irrigation and electricity, and the united nations development programme undp in sudan signed an agreement on tuesday to implement a project on solar water pumps for sustainable agriculture in the country. Hi h di t ti t i l dhigh sedimentation rates in canals, dam reservoirs reservoirs 5050% of capacity is lost and inlet % of capacity is lost and inlet. The project could be irrigated from the nile, or by underground water through pumps or by modern irrigation methods, by spraying, sprinkling and pivotal irrigation. Pdf the lack of effective water distribution systems has hindered the development of irrigated agriculture in much of the world. Moi, recognizing that the manual method cannot cope. A case of the gezira irrigation scheme, sudan mdpi. The secession of southern sudan has deprived the country of 25% of it total area, 24% of population, over. According to this system there are two functional components in this project i. Sudan rahad irrigation project english the world bank.
The actual irrigation design group assesses the information, specifies the precise crop water demands, does hydraulic computations in order to determine the pieces and structure of your irrigation system, the water pressure which will likely be utilized all through the irrigation system, as well as the irrigation. The isohyets show that in most years agricultural production is only possible where there are irrigation systems or where there is natural andor humanmade. Natural challenges more thanmore than 77% of water resources originates% of water resources originates from outside sudan higgp p yh spatial and temporal variability of rainfall and related uneven distribution in availability of of water. Sudan is largely dependent on imported fossil fuels for power generation. The government of egypt offered and pledged six projects at a value of 26. South sudan draft water, sanitation and hygiene program.
Beside the sudanese government, the project is financially supported by the china export import. Options for the sustainable development of the gezira scheme, october 27, 2000, washington, d. Egypt and sudan maintain that instead of such abrupt changes, the. Automation of irrigation system using iot 79 motor. Water resources moiwr, the sudan gezira board sgb, and the. Wetlands cover 10% of the country, whereas forests cover 4%. Sudan s ministry of finance and economic planning, the ministry of water resources irrigation and electricity, and the united nations development programme undp in sudan signed an agreement on tuesday to implement a project on solar water pumps for sustainable agriculture in the country the project, in partnership with the undp and the korea international cooperation agency koica, aims. After independence in 1956, usaid assisted the government in establishing agricultural extension. Drip irrigation can be used for crops with high or low water demands. Several smaller blue nile projects added more than 80,000 additional hectares to sudan s overall irrigated area during this time. I am especially grateful to the south sudanese members of the idmp task. It is centered on the sudanese state of al jazirah, just southeast of the confluence of the blue and white nile rivers at the city of khartoum. Cope suggests in his report ways in which isotope methods can help in this work.
The soil study area is composed of wide and nearly flat alluvium plain deposits laid by atbara and gash rivers. Abdalla, seif eldin hamad, vulnerability of water resources of sudan to climate change. The study area makes about 751,290 ha and lies within arid and semidesert climate. This includes motor status, moisture, temperature and humidity values. Because of the comparative nature of this study, this report on the gezira scheme in sudan makes only passing references to some specific but critical aspects of this project, such the capacity of the system to adapt to changing socioeconomic conditions. It is an alternative to sprinkler or furrow methods of irrigating crops. Higher committee for studying the present and future of agriculture in sudan 2008 executive programme of agricultural revival nahda. Al jazirah state, geography of sudan, irrigation in sudan, irrigation projects, land management.
Ethiopia, on the other hand, because of its mountains that trap the moisture arriving by winds from the west and south is the major source of nile water. Ministry of electricity, dams, irrigation and water resources. Dam, which provides irrigation water for the rahad scheme. The benefits of irrigation under pivot are well established. A study of project delay in sudan institutional repository. Mohamed the calamities of sudan expand on daily basis. Most of economists use the background of the civil war in sudan to analyze the sudanese economic decline in the last three decades. Spate irrigation project in sudan a brief report the spate irrigation project started in june, 2011 and the first phase is planned to end by june, 2015. Irrigation areas in sudan nile basin water resources atlas.
Gezira scheme irrigation project, sudan britannica. Dec 19, 2016 a community garden in siraj alnour village in gedaref state, where farmers are benefiting from irrigation projects that can feed gardens and help to grow crops yearround. Although countless studies have focused on the economic organization and. The objective of the government focus is to develop sound agricultural policies to address challenges of food security and nutrition while sustainably developing evidencebased analysis and identification of priorities at national level through capacity building in the context of the caadp. Colonial moral economy and the discipline of development. The project is the development of irrigated agriculture on a net area of about 300,000 feddans on the east bank of the rahad river using water pumped from the blue nile. The total estimated area fully equipped for irrigation is 1,764,635 ha and an estimated cropped area of 1,148,665 ha, i.
The government of south africa has committed r9 million for the design of such infrastructure. Current status of agriculture and future challenges in sudan. Herv6 plusquellec is an irrigation engineering adviser in the agriculture production and services division. Project for solarpowered irrigation in river nile state. The causes of sudans recent economic decline haitham abdualaziz almosharaf 1, fung deng tian 2 school of economics and management lanzhou jiaotong university, china abstract.
Hi h di t ti t i l dhigh sedimentation rates in canals, dam reservoirs reservoirs 5050% of capacity is lost and inlet % of capacity is lost and inlet channels. Sudans irrigation investment envelope comprises 38 ongoing projects and 28 pipeline projects with costs averaging usd127 and usd128 million per project. The project includes an irrigation component but there are still uncertainties as to whether it will be implemented. South sudan has pledged to sign soon and may be followed by the drc. Productivity on these farms can be particularly low, resulting in food. Water supply projects in developing countries donald e. Centre, wad medani, sudan received 24 september 2014. For the sudan gezira scheme, the eighties have been a decade of missed. Other major agricultural projects include suki, rahad, bourgeig, kennana, geneid, asalaya, white nile, mikabrab, keiheila and almultaga.
The android application is a simple menu driven application, with 4 options. Through the project, scientists from the sudan agricultural research. By 1931 the project had expanded to 450,000 hectares, the maximum that then could be irrigated by the available water, although 10,000 more hectares were added in the 1950s. Why irrigation investments in africa have been low. Projects of technical and development cooperation with egypt. Hence, there is an urgency to implement sudans renewable energy master plan remp and reduce sudans dependence on fossil fuel. Projects the world bank provides lowinterest loans, zero to lowinterest credits, and grants to developing countries. With having supporting policies along with various mechanisms of securing financing under a transparent. In its most basic form moisture sensor senses level of the soil. Then, as oil revenue rose in the 1990s, the governments attention wavered and crucial infrastructure, such as the 2. The optimal exploitation of water resources is the initial and essential step in any agricultural project in hot regions. The general manager of the dams implementation unit diu, ministry of water resources irrigation and electricity republic of sudan seeks technical and financial offers from competent contractors to construct stage 1 of the roseires irrigation project in the blue nile state.
A study of project delay in sudan construction industry the construction industry in sudan is an important sector due to its enormous contribution to the countrys economic development. Sudan has around one million hectares of surface water, the most important of which is a 2,000kmlong stretch of the nile and tributaries. Sudan has abundant wind and solar resources, but largely lacks the capacity to utilize these resources for power generation. Sudan agricultural projects water resources water management irrigation agricultural development food security climate change the opinions expressed in this volume are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the nordic africa institute. Merowe irrigation project in khartoum to col lect relevant information and agree with the type of fieldtesting a nd procedure to be performed f or carrying out these testing. Estimates on value addition by agriculture, forestry. Since october 2006, the ministry started coordination of diu activities in southern sudan. Spate irrigation project annual meeting, sudan, 29th rdapril to 3 may spate irrigation for rural economic growth and poverty alleviation ethiopia dr tena and abebe. The gezira irrigation scheme lies between the blue and white nile rivers south of khartoum, and is fed principally by gravity irrigation from sennar dam on the blue nile. Review of the 2002 environmental impact assessment eia. The gezira scheme, for example, is irrigated by a 10,000kmlong intensive canalization network.
In the 1970s, when the consumption and import of sugar grew rapidly, domestic production became a priority, and two major pumpirrigated sugar plantations were established on the white nile in the kusti area. Additionally, a mathematical model was created to obtain design recommendations for a fullscale implementation. Draft water, sanitation and hygiene wash program 202018 officially 67 percent of the population of south sudan, both urban and rural, has access to improved drinking water sources. Sudan and egypt have refused to sign the framework agreement, suggesting that the wording of article 14 b, on water security for other nile nations, impinges on preexisting water rights and usage allocations. P capacity development project for irrigation scheme management in river nile state2015. This project, which is funded by ifad and unescoihe operates in four countries. The firm calculated that the irrigated command in sudan could be doubled, as in fact it has been, and recommended construction of the kenana scheme, a gigantic gravity project on the scale of the gezira, as well as several pump. Sudan are great and will require the participation of government and development partners. Gezira scheme project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks.
In other parts of the world south europe, asia, and usa and in the second half of the twentieth century, big parts of agricultural budget were diverted to irrigation projects rosegrant and svendsen, 1993, and deployed with new seed varieties and fertilizers to boost yields, and with. The entire project is located in the frame of the nubian nilotic reservoir of high quantities of water of high qualities in addition to the nile river. The project was limited by a 1929 agreement between sudan and egypt that restricted the amount of water angloegyptian sudan could use during the dry season. The history of agriculture extension and agricultural technology transfer started in sudan in 1902. The project will be irrigated by gravity from the roseires dam reservoir. Pdf pedological characterization of the soils of atbara. This study assessed wuas in the gash spate irrigation project in sudan, a decade after their initiation. The secession of southern sudan has deprived the country of 25% of it total area, 24% of population, over 80% of its oil income. Sudan plan of action 20152019 the plan of action poa summary prioritizes and promotes interrelated and mutually supporting and sustainable short, medium and longterm interventions at all levels in support of the relief, recovery and development of sudan s smallscale agriculture sector and to address and overcome the underlying. National projects through the dams implementation unit diu.
Longevity of facilities, low servicing and maintenance, savings of both time and energy, uniformity of irrigation, maximized yield and adaptation to major projects. The ministry of water resources, irrigation and electricity, and the united nations development programme undp have initiated today the first stage of implementing a solar water pumps project for irrigation in the northern state. Climate change adaptation and decision making in the sudan. It is true that the sudan has resources of irrigation water in excess of its needs. Sudan signed the comprehensive africa agriculture development programme caadp compact in july 20. The case analyses how land users, researchers, engineers and policy makers involve in the overbuilding of the rectangular irrigation grid of postcolonial irrigation by a new circular grid of high tech private pivot irrigation. Water resources and irrigation south sudan cartography. Sn track programme project brief duration cost usd 2. Technical assessment report prepared by eshetu abate legesse, water resources assessment consultant fao south sudan. Current status of agriculture and future challenges in sudan diva. Improving livelihoods and sustainability 7 worldwide, food is produced mainly on rainfed land. Only sennar and khashm algirba have irrigation canals on their downstream. Reduction of high cost of energy by replacing diesel fired generation that is suffering from limited unit capacity with cheaper and reliable energy sources, e.
This in terms of employment opportunities and attraction of foreign direct investments which grossly contributes to the countrys gdp. Ecological classification of the sudan, forest department, forest bulletin no. It has grown from the original scheme cultivating 300,000 fd to the present irrigation area of 2. The sudanese agricultural sector comprises three subsystems.
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